vault Block

The vault block allows a task to specify that it requires a token from a HashiCorp Vault server. Nomad will automatically retrieve a Vault token for the task and handle token renewal for the task. If specified at the group level, the configuration will apply to all tasks within the group. If specified at the job level, the configuration will apply to all tasks within the job. If multiple vault blocks are specified, they are merged with the task block taking the highest precedence, then the group, then the job.

job "docs" {
  group "example" {
    task "server" {
      vault {
        cluster  = "default"
        role     = "prod"

        change_mode   = "signal"
        change_signal = "SIGUSR1"
      }
    }
  }
}

The Nomad client will make the Vault token available to the task by writing it to the secret directory at secrets/vault_token and by injecting a VAULT_TOKEN environment variable. If the Nomad cluster is configured to use Vault Namespaces, a VAULT_NAMESPACE environment variable will be injected whenever VAULT_TOKEN is set. This behavior can be altered using the env and file parameters.

If Nomad is unable to renew the Vault token (perhaps due to a Vault outage or network error), the client will attempt to retrieve a new Vault token. If successful, the contents of the secrets file are updated on disk, and action will be taken according to the value set in the change_mode parameter.

If a vault block is specified, the template block can interact with Vault as well.

vault Parameters

• allow_token_expiration (bool: false) - Specifies that Nomad clients should not attempt to renew a task's Vault token, allowing it to expire. This should only be used when a secret is requested from Vault once at the start of a task or in a short-lived prestart task. Long-running tasks should never set allow_token_expiration=true if they obtain Vault secrets via template blocks, as the Vault token will expire and the template runner will continue to make failing requests to Vault until its vault_retry attempts are exhausted, at which point the task will fail.

  When Nomad has been configured to use Workload Identity with Vault, Nomad clients will automatically detect when tokens cannot be refreshed (for example, when the Vault auth method is configured to issue batch tokens). In this case, the allow_token_expiration option will be implicitly set to true by the client. The legacy Vault authentication workflow cannot automatically detect this.

• change_mode (string: "restart") - Specifies the behavior Nomad should take if the Vault token changes. The possible values are:

  • "noop" - take no action (continue running the task)
  • "restart" - restart the task
  • "signal" - send a configurable signal to the task

• change_signal (string: "") - Specifies the signal to send to the task as a string like "SIGUSR1" or "SIGINT". This option is required if the change_mode is signal.

• cluster (string: "default") EnterpriseEnterprise - Specifies the Vault cluster to use. The Nomad client will retrieve a Vault token from the cluster configured in the agent configuration with the same vault.name. In Nomad Community Edition, this field is ignored.

• env (bool: true) - Specifies if the VAULT_TOKEN and VAULT_NAMESPACE environment variables should be set when starting the task.

• disable_file (bool: false) - Specifies if the Vault token should be written to secrets/vault_token.

  Warning

  While the secrets path is not shared with tasks that use image filesystem isolation, it is still accessible by tasks using chroot or none isolation.

• namespace (string: "") EnterpriseEnterprise - Specifies the Vault Namespace to use for the task. The Nomad client will retrieve a Vault token that is scoped to this particular namespace.

• policies (array<string>: []) - Specifies the set of Vault policies that the task requires. The Nomad client will retrieve a Vault token that is limited to those policies. This field may only be used with the legacy Vault authentication workflow and not with JWT and workload identity. It is deprecated in favor of the role field and will be removed in Nomad 1.9.

• role (string: "") - Specifies the Vault role used when retrieving a token from Vault using JWT and workload identity. If not specified the client's create_from_role value is used.

vault Examples

The following examples only show the vault blocks. Remember that the vault block is only valid in the placements listed above.

Retrieve Token

This example tells the Nomad client to retrieve a Vault token. The token is available to the task via the canonical environment variable VAULT_TOKEN and written to disk at secrets/vault_token. The resulting token will have the Vault policies from the "prod" role attached.

vault {
  role = "prod"
}

Signal Task

This example shows signaling the task instead of restarting it.

vault {
  role = "prod"

  change_mode   = "signal"
  change_signal = "SIGINT"
}

Private Token and Change Modes

This example retrieves a Vault token that is not shared with the task when using a driver that provides image isolation like Docker.

This allows Nomad to use a powerful Vault token that interacts with the task's template stanzas to issue all kinds of secrets (e.g., database secrets, other vault tokens, etc.), without sharing that issuing power with the task itself:

vault {
  role        = "prod"
  change_mode = "noop"
  env         = false
  file        = false
}

template {
  data = <<-EOH
{{with secret "auth/token/create/nomad-job" "policies=examplepolicy"}}{{.Auth.ClientToken}}{{ end }}
EOH

  destination = "${NOMAD_SECRETS_DIR}/examplepolicy.token"
  change_mode = "noop"
  perms       = "600"
}

template {
  data = <<-EOH
{{ with secret "pki_int/issue/nomad-task"
   "common_name=example.service.consul" "ttl=72h"
   "alt_names=localhost" "ip_sans=127.0.0.1"}}
{{ .Data.certificate }}
{{ .Data.private_key }}
{{ end }}
EOH

  destination = "${NOMAD_SECRETS_DIR}/client.crt"
  change_mode = "restart"
  perms       = "600"
}

The example above uses change_mode = "noop" in the template stanza for examplepolicy.token, which means that the task's workload is responsible for detecting and handling changes to that file. In contrast, the template stanza for client.crt is configured so that Nomad will restart the task whenever the certificate is reissued, as indicated by change_mode = "restart" (which is the default value for change_mode).

Vault Namespace

This example shows specifying a particular Vault namespace for a given task.

vault {
  role      = "prod"
  namespace = "engineering/frontend"

  change_mode   = "signal"
  change_signal = "SIGINT"
}